This led to the multiplier effect. Being situated so close to London was beneficial as it provided a ready market for its produce. The Royal Docks fell into decline as large container ports were developed further down the river. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ott/overseas-travel-and-tourismmonthly-release/august-2012/index.html Also pretty strong, same basic source as above but with other links that might be useful. The need for compulsory purchase orders was also highlighted as a possible problem for the Olympic Park, but IOC did not expect this to cause any "undue delay to construction schedules".[8]. Who decides who will host the Olympics? This makes Stratford a good place to live. Amongst these is the fact that both areas went from economic prosperity into drastic economic decline and suffered from lowering environmental quality, high unemployment rates, dereliction and social problems. The main Olympic site . London has proposed Games based on providing world-class facilities and services for the athletes, and a legacy for sport and the community. [24], The Olympic Village's accommodations are the most spacious in Olympic history. This success created many (new) jobs. During July and August 2012, visitors spent about GBP 760 million in the UK, averaging GBP 1,290 per person almost double the normal amount. Explain your answer. Will you pass the quiz? Some commentators have argued that it would be better to invest directly in grass roots sport. Following the success of the bid, the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) was established to oversee the ongoing development of the games. The organising committee planned some of the following legacies. Stratford is now the 2nd most connected part of London, after King's Cross. These areas were chosen because they were in need of urban regeneration as they were more deprived compared to other regions in the UK. The city's regeneration helped to rebuild the area, but its impact adversely affected some of its population. During its use in the 2012 Games, the following were built: After the Games, the Olympic Park closed and plans were made to reopen it to the public after alterations were made. When all the criteria are met for cleanliness, water quality, and facilities. The construction took years, disrupting local communities. Counter-urbanisation is the process of a large proportion of people relocating from urban areas to rural areas and is seen as the opposite of urbanisation. On this page, we look at the London Olympics of 2012 as a case study of the costs and benefits for one country hosting an international sports event. Each apartment was billed to include Internet access and wireless networking and other state-of-the-art technology.[25]. This land would be cleaned up and improved before construction. The plans included sustainability. Following three consecutive unsuccessful UK bids to host summer Olympic Games (Birmingham for 1992 and Manchester for 1996 and 2000), the decision was made to bid with London, given the clear indication that it was the only UK city that had a chance of being selected by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) when put up against other world cities in a competitive bidding process. What happened when the Manchester Docks closed? As part of the A Level course, it is important not only to understand what regeneration is and the impacts that it has, but also to put this into context. via reusing and recycling). Dessibourg, Hales, and Mendoza Pea, 2017. Alfred Hugh Stratford (5 September 1853 - 2 May 1914) was an English sportsman who played first-class cricket for Middlesex and represented the England national football team. Stratford's deindustrialisation, along with the closure of the Royal Docks, had a massive impact. Have enough resources or basic services to provide for the entire population. "The most important thing is to show people that the Government is absolutely behind the bid", said Mr Blair, who travelled to the Far East before returning to chair the 31st G8 summit at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire, Scotland. Imagine that you live in the area that is going to be transformed by the Games. The infrastructure was significantly improved for the whole area. The organising committee paid special attention to the after effects of the games on London, and what they could do to make sure the games left a lasting impression on London and the world. There were also to be many upgrades to National Rail services with the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, a new high-speed rail link, several new stations and upgrades to stations such as King's Cross St Pancras. ALL PAPER 2 CASE STUDIES GEOGRAPHY GCSE AQA - Grade 9 notes. This meant that about 560 acres of land had been cleaned in order to build it. Olympic Park case study urban regeneration. [27] Together, all the planned heavy rail, light rail, and underground services (excluding Crossrail) were expected to deliver around 240 trains every hour. The area became more affluent, and therefore housing is still unaffordable for the poor(er) people in the community. The city beat the favourite Paris 54 to 50 on the fourth and final ballot. She and her colleagues wished to continue serving food on the Olympic site but failed to win a contract. For comparison, the 2004 games in Athens cost around 7billion (US$13.5billion) and estimates for the 2008 games in Beijing run between 10billion and 20billion (US$19billion and US$39billion). 560million from IOC television and marketing deals. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}513246N 00046W / 51.54615N 0.01269W / 51.54615; -0.01269. People may move to rural areas to improve their health and mental well-being. Stratford was chosen because it was the most deprived community of the UK, it already had existing waste and industrial land, and it was located within 7 minutes of the City. However, many people feel that the London Games were overall a success, and provided a benefit to the city. The British Olympic Association had been working on the bid since 1997, and presented its report to government ministers in December 2000. Social - new homes were built, with around 1/3 of those becoming more affordable. What are the key elements of urban regeneration? This land would be cleaned up and improved before construction. It will be extended further northwards, with the legacy road cycling circuit straddling the A12 and extending into the old Eton Manor site, where the mountain biking area will be located. When the Metropolitan Building Act restricted dangerous and toxic industries from operating in the metropolitan area, many businesses relocated to the river banks. Take a walking tour of Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park to find out how the space has been transformed since the 2012 Games. On 17 June 2005, British Prime Minister Tony Blair reiterated the Government's total commitment to London's bid for the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. Some of the new facilities would be reused in their Olympic form, while others would be reduced in size and several would be relocated elsewhere in the UK. Ken Livingstone, then the mayor of London, made it perfectly clear why the Olympics would be a boon. In addition, several of the indoor arenas would be assembled elsewhere in the UK. The earlier stages of the football competition were played at football stadia around the country including: The Olympic Village was located in Lower Lea Valley in east London. Afterwards, an estimated 2,500 jobs are available. The Olympic Park was built over Stratford, Bow, Leyton, and Hackney Wick. It contains the Olympic stadium, now known as the London Stadium, and the Olympic swimming pool together with the athletes' Olympic Village and . Why is regeneration needed geography? Tessa Jowell, the former Minister for Sport, once told a parliamentary committee that regenerating Stratford without hosting the Olympics would cost 300 million. 2012 was about the Olympic Games and also about the Paralympic Games. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. The Olympic games had a relatively positive impact on the area, with new houses, shops, and schools. More than 46,000 people worked on the Olympic Park and Olympic Village, 10 percent of whom were previously unemployed. Its multicultural population meant that all countries would be well supported at the games. No. Stories From 6 Jul. Urban environmental and social stresses, Urban microclimates: modification and management, Case study: Air pollution in New York City, 4. Most of Stratford City will be regenerated with the construction of 500,000 more square metres of space. It involves University College London (UCL), the BBC, Sadler's Wells, the V&A (Victoria & Albert) and the London College of Fashion. Some reasons were the overseas competition, loss of the British Empire, and insufficient industrial and technological innovations. After the games, they either got broken down or relocated to be used elsewhere. existing urban, rural, industrial and commercial areas to bring about social and economic change on a long-term scale. Five new neighbourhoods are being established around the park to include 11,000 residences, one third of which will be affordable housing. It is now called the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. During the construction of the Olympics, there were very few jobs for local people. Afterwards, an estimated 2,500 jobs are available. REGENERATION CASE STUDY: London 2012 Olympics (Why was London chosen?: REGENERATION CASE STUDY: London 2012 Olympics . Organizers hoped to use low- or no-emission vehicles to transport Olympic athletes and officials.[27]. Perhaps most important, is to include the locals in these regeneration projects. The London Olympics have brought many positive things to Stratford, although there have also been some negatives. [1] Public transport, an aspect of the proposal which scored poorly for the bid, saw numerous improvements, including to the London Underground and the new "Olympic Javelin" service.[4]. Write a letter to the International Olympic Committee explaining why you do or dont want the Games to come to London. Ten railway lines and 30 new bridges continue to connect London communities after the Games. Current regeneration in Stratford is set to cost an extra 1 billion. Four of the five finalist cities were from Europe. The Olympic Zone encompasses all of the facilities within the 500-acre (2km) Olympic Park in Stratford. Closest train station is Barnstaple, 10mi/16km away. arts, Massive construction scheme lasting years disrupts local communities, New sports venues around London and elsewhere e.g. Accessed 17 January 2018. It was one of the most deprived communities in the country, unemployment was high, and health levels were poor. https://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/1E506FE2-3179-439C-81F2-B43D0B97D058/0/CGT_NetRaising_8Olympicpresentation.pdf Accessed 17 January 2018. And many people don't know this but specifically Leamington Spa, just north of Stratford, attracted a lot of Confederates.". Financial: the British government was ready to back any over-spend on the construction of Games facilities. This closure led to massive unemployment and social problems across East London, and Stratford was no exception. Explaining why so many radicals were drawn to the distant county, Issa says: "Essentially the region . One of the major causes of push factors in town centres has been deindustrialisation. The regeneration did not only change Stratford but also London in general. Stratford lacked proper infrastructure, and the environmental quality was poor. The site of the 2012 London Olympic Games Lower Lea Valley, Newham Borough (Stratford and New Town Ward), East London. It is around 120 miles (192km) from central London. This is partly due to Gentrification of the East Village as city workers move in. The site chosen covered parts of Stratford, Bow, Leyton and Hackney Wick in East London (figure 3). StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. Overall, the UK's share of manufacturing outputs had significantly dropped to 4.9% by 1973, which was even lower than the 9.5% in 1830, pre-Industrial Revolution. I applied for Early Decision, which most shou. It was built in 1887 as a result of the Industrial Revolution and trade. As mentioned earlier, better public transport and infrastructure were a major aspect of the bidding process. Outside of London the success was not universally welcomed, with fears that the event would divert funding from the rest of the country and that the rest of the United Kingdom would be forced to help fund it, for no benefit. The death blow to the docks was the creation of containerised cargo and other technological changes. What areas in London have been regenerated? Stratford is a town in east London, England about 7 miles northeast of Central London. (A TOK-able moment), The costs and benefits of hosting the Games, Case study: London Olympics 2012: Learning activities, https://d2rpq8wtqka5kg.cloudfront.net/129049/open20120701120000.pdf?Expires=1511793842&Signature=R043y307dmxOAQKbZckf67uuGsQhQUZ3~Fuml0zdCMn0Y2ZjYobP36CAdEROzjj4QvHUN0aFZKha~v7h8RAt1XLxQKkIZGyf6Z5h3N~U01FZv~N5u4gIXs~z43IkDQMr~1ShM9I4Px7hWR6~yG7TRi57jLt8x3Ti~2HiHGZYAiDpXP68St7EadjRxLr6HDZRtf-mOBRGCSKCxx7S-bhDyZWlDqR8kP4jayZQr7UtYoN-qSbdz6SqNBd3AIrQNhaCLp51mWZkSFex8XdXJblqSZDlAgdPYHvGLyD6wsZLSZAmvUE9MDQ4ol~SOhQ9qI9-zggFSUgaagHj1mPDR9Ak9A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJVGCNMR6FQV6VYIA, About (including cookies and data privacy issues), New article: urban deprivation in Nairobi, Youth engagement in sport was one of the pillars of Londons bit, Sustainability and legacy were pillars of Londons bid, Regeneration was emphasised as part of the bid: the IOC was shown photos of the derelict former industrial areas, The UK government had decided to focus its Olympic bids on London after failing to win the Games in 1992, 1996 and 2000 with bids from Birmingham and Manchester (two other major UK cities), Gender and age issues: most of those who spoke in the Paris presentation were male and middle aged; the London presentation included children and represented a multicultural London. Such issues are common in contemporary urban environments. Stratford's status, along with the already. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. from June to October. The idea was to leave a lasting legacy or impact not just for sport but for the urban area in the East of London. It lies in an Area of Outstanding National Beauty (AONB) and it faces the Atlantic Ocean. This made it an ideal location for putting up the park, especially since it was located only seven minutes from Central London. Key elements of urban regeneration are economic transition, employment change, social and community building and sustainable development. Urban regeneration case studies, as the name suggests, are examples of regeneration projects occurring in urban areas. However, all the changes led to Stratford becoming a more affluent place, meaning that it is still not really affordable for poor(er) people. The 2012 Olympics were planned to use a mixture of newly built venues, existing facilities, and temporary facilities, some of them in well known locations such as Hyde Park and Horse Guards Parade. The UKs Home Office (the ministry of the interior) invested GBP 40 million in communications upgrades for Londons Underground, doubling radio capacity at key stations to help authorities deal with any emergency. Create and find flashcards in record time. Because of the deprived status, the existing waste and industrial lands available, and the close location to the City, Stratford was chosen by the UK for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. [39], To connect a variety of cycling and walking trails throughout the Lea Valley, the London Velopark will be transformed into a multi-discipline cycling centre. London 2012 was the successful bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics, held in London with most events taking place in Stratford in the borough of Newham. Therefore, it can be difficult to compare and contrast projects directly. For the most part, predictions showed that on event days, 78% of spectators were likely to travel from within London and only 22% from the rest of the UK and Europe. 1988: Piper Alpha oil rig ablaze. When the games are over, the Village will be converted into new homes and facilities for the local community. In Stratford, the average family incomeper year was 28,900, but in London overall, it was 37,000. A regeneration project run by the Merseyside Development Corporation from the 1980s onwards has allowed the area to transform into a hub for investment, tourism and commercial activity. The games produced 3.3 million tons of CO2. The London bid team proposed that Stratford was the part of East London most in need of regeneration. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Create a spider diagram showing at least three social impacts, three economic impacts and three environmental impacts of the Games. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. The Olympic stadium ended up costing almost 3 times more than initially estimated: 701 million. This happened due to deindustrialisation and the closure of the Royal Docks. A Blue Flag must be applied for first, A charity organisation concerned with protecting the sea and its wildlife. This means people can find work elsewhere. London 2012 was the successful bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics, held in London with most events taking place in Stratford in the borough of Newham.The British Olympic Association had been working on the bid since 1997, and presented its report to government ministers in December 2000.. Stratford was and still is a deprived area. Humble Beginnings Pre-Olympics, Stratford was viewed as being too far east to be considered a viable home for most businesses who operated from Central London. The Lower Lea Valley had poor soil conditions, but the soil was cleaned up on site. Traditionally, rural areas were seen as places to retire, for short leisure activities, or for those in the agricultural industry. [6], http://crln.acrl.org/content/75/1/24.full, http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/23434844, https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140221-olympics-sochi-rio-de-janeiro-london-boris-johnson-montreal-athens-world/, https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/02/03/270950685/did-london-get-an-economic-boost-from-the-2012-olympics. To be sure that important venues and stadiums do not go to waste, the organising committee has planned what to do with them after the games. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Environmental - Some of the ways the park is sustainable are walking routes, water-efficient design of homes, and protecting natural habitats. Fig. Make sure that the regeneration project benefits everyone. In order to create the site, 450 Housing Association flats, which is where the poorer people lived, were torn down. In 1839, Stratford station was opened, and in 1847, a railway works and depot for engines and rolling stock was established. However, rural areas have seen a recent increase in population due to counter-urbanisation. Fig. In addition to stadium seats, there would be 20,000 10 (US$19) tickets for the Olympic Park to watch events on big screens. The improvements and upgrades made have made a lasting legacy impact. It would not last long, however. Stratford was also chosen for the 500-acre Olympic Park as the area already had existing waste and industrial land. When and where was Croyde first mentioned under the names Crideholde/Chrideholda? The Olympic Village was converted into more than 2,800 flats in 11 residential plots, with spacious courtyards, gardens and balconies. When Stratford was still a rural area, it was the centre for livestock that came from the surrounding areas for slaughter. For example, London will have paid for an 80,000-seat athletics stadium, but will only possess a 25,000-seat stadium. Its demolition in 2007. What was Stratford like before regeneration? 4. One of the most prominent of the proposed legacy is the conversion of the Olympic Village into 3,600apartments, most of which will be affordable housing. Expenditure from overseas visitors in August, including Games ticket sales, totalled GBP 4.5 billion. Other legacy items would include the conversion of the Olympic Village Polyclinic into a lifelong learning centre for the east London community with a nursery and primary and secondary schools, and the conversion of the media and press centre into a creative industries centre for east London. [4], Suggest why some people feel that the Games provided a tangible legacy. . The total cost of the 2012 Olympics was almost 10 billion. Buildings that were going to get a new life after the Games were permanent buildings. Believed to be the biggest collection of discarded white goods in Europe, the pile. The organisers claimed that 3,000 new permanent jobs would be created, but opponents of the games were concerned that some of the 11,000 existing jobs in the Olympic Zone may be lost. Many jobs were lost, the economy was shattered, the area became derelict and the land was heavily contaminated. Another urban area that will potentially undergo regeneration in the near future is Croyde and the remainder of North Devon. Furthermore, corn from the mills was readily accessible, so Stratford became known for bread baking and potato production. They are quite widely spread across central and west London: Three of the venues were just outside Greater London:[20]. With its rich history, the capacities of UK Paralympic Sport are among the best in the world. It is clear that regeneration projects differ considerably depending on the circumstances and the resources available. East London, and mainly Stratford, was regenerated for the 2012 Olympics, costing around 10 billion. Afterwards, it is predicted that this would support another 2,500 jobs. [8], Suggest reasons why some people feel that the Games were not an appropriate way to spend the money. Answer (1 of 11): It's been a couple of yearslast I checkedsince I graduated, but here is my experience. It was one of the most deprived communities of the UK, it had a high population density, low annual income, high unemployment, it had readily available waste and industrial lands for building, and it was located only 7 minutes from the City. [21] Because the Olympic Village is located within the Olympic Park, about 75 percent of athletes would be within 15minutes of their venues; this compact design, according to double Olympic decathlon gold medallist Daley Thompson, would "make [the experience] so much more inspirating [sic] and real". It seems likely that there was a political influence in the decision such as the French president insulting the Finnish delegation by complaining about the quality of Finnish food. Lloyds (bank) estimated that the Olympics generated 10 billion in extra income. Athlete's Village (now known as East Village, London), Olympic Stadium (now known as London Stadium), Eton Manor (now known as the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre), Riverbank Arena (dismantled after the Games). Currently, about 40% of the 2,818 houses will be affordable. Deindustrialisation happened throughout London in the 20th century, mainly in the East End. Now, both areas have significantly improved infrastructure, environmental quality, housing provisions, services and economic opportunities. It is a global city with a reputation across the world. Stratford's status, along with the already existing waste and industrial land, was the reason it was chosen in the UK's bid to host the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. All venues that will not have a planned use after the games are over will be built as temporary venues. What types of accommodation is available at Croyde? Around 10 billion. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. This was the largest transport project proposed for London, and it was widely assumed in the early stages of the bidding process that the games could not be won without a guarantee that it would be completed before the games. The aquatics centre and its 50m pool can now be used by the community, schools and athletes alike. I was pretty sure I wanted to go to the latter, but I needed Stanford as a backup. Rather than being simply shown as a city- or country-wide bid, it suggested that the Olympics would have a lasting tangible impact on a deprived area of London, called Stratford. Public transport, an aspect of the bid which scored poorly in the IOC's initial evaluation,[26] was planned to see numerous improvements, including the expansion of the London Underground's East London Line, upgrades to the Docklands Light Railway and the North London Line, and the temporary "Olympic Javelin" service. There was no confirmed link between the IOC decision and the attack,[5] which also coincided with the G8 Summit in Scotland. Transport for London invested GBP 6.5 billion in transport infrastructure in preparation for the 2012 Games. These ships could not navigate down as far as the Royal Docks. Following the success of the Industrial Revolution, the UK has since undergone mass deindustrialisation. Stratford is now second only to King's Cross as the most connected part of London. [1] On 6 July 2005 at its 117th Session in Singapore, the IOC awarded London the right to host the Games of the XXX Olympiad. We will see a 1.1 billion 'culture boost' happening soon. [29], Approximately 8.0million tickets were proposed to be available for the Olympics, and 1.5million tickets for the Paralympics. Buildings that were not getting a new life on-site were temporary ones, and they were relocated elsewhere after the games. Each athlete and official is guaranteed their own bed over 17,000beds in total. Regeneration case studies help us to understand the different approaches to regeneration and see what impacts they have on the population and environment. To measure the success of regeneration case studies, it is important to consider whether or not they have improved the area in the long-term, whether or not these improvements apply and are accessible to everyone and whether the future generation(s) and environment will be negatively implicated as a consequence of the regeneration. It scored poorly on the transportation and public/government support aspects of the evaluation, but received a 10 in accommodations. Regeneration can solve help the urban problems such as taking derelict, polluted, brown-field places to be restored and used for new purposes. Why did Stratford need to be regenerated? Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. The UK government invested GBP 300 million to transform the Olympic site into the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, which includes housing, new schools, health centres, business space and sports venues. Stratford was also chosen for the 500-acre Olympic Park as the area already had existing waste and industrial land. For many years, it was one of the most deprived communities in the UK before it was revamped for the 2012 Olympic Games. This lasted for several decades before it was regenerated prior to the 2012 London Olympics. Deindustrialisation and the closure of the Royal Docks. There are also now academic options for pupils between 3 and 18. . The five Host Boroughs surrounding the Olympic Park provided nearly a quarter of the workforce throughout the project. For example, there is no use building lots of nice new houses if most people can't afford to buy them! This brought in a lot of work opportunities, and most of these workers lived in the same town, which eventually became known as Stratford New Town. The London Olympic Athletes Village is the largest sustainable homes project in the UK. Many of the materials used for construction came from overseas rather than local businesses. At the time of the bid, 60% of the venues and facilities were in place. In 2006 Most of land needed for games under public control and relocation sites agreed for those who have to move. There are great places to live, such as The Stratford, a 42-storey tower with 248 rental flats and a sky garden. Economically, the Games occurred during the recovery from the global financial crisis of 2008-10, and many people felt that the approximate cost of GBP10bn to be too high, despite the lasting benefits to the environment and the future of the economy. The construction of all the buildings creates 1,500 jobs, with at least 30% of those for local residents. The containerised cargo was much more efficient for transporting goods, but it required larger ships. Some people lost homes, allotments, and areas for fishing, Olympic Park largest [new] urban park in Europe for 150 years (ODA, 2015).
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