And no measure that names an individual to hold office or names private corporation to perform any function (Cal.Const. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Signatures may be withdrawn up to the time of submission of the petition. 168.471; 168.472). Law 6-103). Ballot measure committees must also provide an initial disclosure report 15 days after the committee begins raising or spending money, with subsequent quarterly reports until the pre-election report is due. Art. Petition title and summary creation: Proponent with attorney general approval (A.C.A. Law 6-201). Art. Six states (California, Maine, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Ohio and Wyoming) require a certain number of days, ranging from 30 to 180, to pass between the date the petition qualifies and the election. How does a referendum give people more of a say in government? 14, 3, 10 ILCS 5/28-2), Who creates petitions: Proponents, no statute (see 10 ILCS 5/16-6; 5 ILCS 20/2). Art. Art. V, 3 and OK Stat. Const. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (NDCC 16.1-01-12). Fifteen % for amendments (A.R.S. d. ticket splitting. Const. . Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to no anonymous contribution in excess of $25, disclosure of contributors, corporations and labor organizations are allowed to make contributions and expenditures, following timelines and deadlines apply for filing reports (V.A.M.S. 5, 11; MACo v. The State of Montana, MT 267, 2017). Art. 19, 3). Public review or notice: Pro and con statements and explanations are made public prior to the election in newspapers, in public offices and on the secretary of states website (OH Const. III, 52(b)). Tit. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Yes, before May 15, signer submits request to county clerk (U.C.A. The voters eligibility cannot be established or has been challenged. III, 52(a)). IV, 1). III, 6). Constitution 48, Pt. For direct initiatives, six months to collect (submit proposed measure within 10 months with deadline to submit four months out from the general election). IV, 1). It is the congressional election held between presidential elections. Voter apathy and inability to understand the nature of the proposal, or just a lack of care for the issue may cause voters to choose to vote 'no' due to fear of change. St. 32-1408). Then, select a topic from the column at the left for comprehensive information or select a state in the map for state-specific information. Majority to pass: Yes, except in the case of authorizing gambling or lottery, which requires 60 % to pass (RCWA Const. Criminal background check done for paid circulators with additional restrictions. V 1). Code 23-17-37). Geographic distribution: No more than one-quarter of signatures may come from a single county (M.G.L.A. Other forms of referendum and initiative were first used in Swiss cantonal government: the facultative referendum was used in the canton of Sankt Gallen in 1831, the initiative in Vaud in 1845, and the obligatory referendum in its modern form in rural Basel in 1863 (though it had appeared in earlier forms in 1852 and 1854). Art. NDCC 16.1-01-12(1)(j), 16.1-08.1-02, 16.1-08-03. Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days of the adjournment of the legislature which passed the law (SDCL 2-1-3.1). 24 states have the popular referendum. This is generally the secretary of state, but in Alaska and Utah, the lieutenant governor is the states chief election officer. Art. 3, 53. 3519.16). 2, 9; Const. 6, 22), Other Subject restrictions: No restrictions (See U.C.A. Art. General assembly members opposing the amendment may prepare or designate others to prepare a brief argument against such amendment, submitted to attorney general (5 ILCS 20/2). 19-111). IV, 1(10). 23-17-57; Term Limits Leadership Council v. Clark, 1997). Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Const. 4, Pt. Const. St. 32-1405.01; 32-1405.02; 32-1413). Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Reports of expenditures and contributions received are required quarterly in non-election years and monthly, March through November, in election years. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (NMSA 1-17-5 and -6). 19, 2; Art. 4, Pt. 18. Repeal or change restrictions: No veto and only a majority of voters to overturn amendments, not 55 % (C.R.S.A. Must be on good quality of paper in form and manner approved by the secretary of state (IC 34-1804). Where to file: Secretary of state (Const. Conflicting measures: No statute found other than if the attorney general determines that their subject/purpose/effect are similar, they will give them identical ballot titles (OR Rev. 116.320). 3, 4; MCA 13-27-301; 13-27-202). Art. 2; 21 Okl.St.Ann. For constitutional amendments, 8% of total votes cast for all candidates for governor in last general election. An estimated fiscal impact statement must be printed with any constitutional amendment or initiated or referred measure on the ballot. ILCS Const. Additional reports are due on the third Wednesday in January of each year the committee continues in existence. Art. 168.471 and M.C.L.A. However, in about half of the 24 initiative states, proponents can get drafting assistance to improve the quality and consistency of initiative proposals. 250.137; 250.139; 250.125; 250.067; 250.127). 116.334; 116.260). Art. Art. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. St. 32-1405). 130.046). County elections supervisors can remove voters who are considered ineligible to vote. III, 3 and NDCC 16.1-01-09(2)). Const. The attorney general reviews the ballot title after signed petitions are turned in (34 Okl.St.Ann. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: If sufficiency is being reviewed at the time the ballot is being prepared, the measure shall be placed on the ballot and no subsequent decision shall invalidate it if it is approved by a majority of voters (Const. St. 32-1409). 1953 20A-7-212). During the 14 days before the election, reports of any communication exceeding $5,000 in the aggregate are due within one business day (Rule 2.109). Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Registration is required prior to making an expenditure for or against a ballot measure; group name must include the title or common name of the measure if the group intends to make more than 50% of its contributions or expenditures toward a single measure (AS 15.13.050). Attorney general prepares abstract to be posted at polling places. Collected in-person: Yes (W.S.1977 22-24-312). Public review or notice: A public pamphlet includes the analysis prepared by the legislative council, arguments for and against and the fiscal statement. Const. Const. A referendum is a process for constitutional change in which proposal is voted on by the public. Circulator requirements: Signed statement if paid and 18 years old (Cal.Elec.Code 104, 9022, 9610; Code.Civ.Proc. IV, 1b). To account for double-signing, the secretary will apply at least an 8 % duplication rate to the first sampling. 1. Majority to pass: Yes (Ark. 19, 3 and NRS 295.0575). Art. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on the 21st and seventh days immediately preceding an election and the 10th day of the first full month after an election. Application process information: Before circulation of an initiative or referendum petition for signatures, a copy shall be submitted to the attorney general who shall prepare a title and summary of the measure as provided by law. Art. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to being covered by the states campaign finance laws, must follow reporting rules, and file statement of organization (RCWA 42.17A.005; 42.17A; 42.17A.205). Code 84101). Which election: First general election to be held not less than 30 days after the filing ofthe petition (Const. Legislature or other government official review: Since the process is an indirect initiative, the legislature has four months to adopt the unchanged constitutional initiative by a majority in each house before the secretary of state submits it to the people. Stat. Wyoming: in excess of 50% (Const. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Const. Art. 34, 25). In the others, the measure goes directly to the ballot after it is submitted to the legislature. Out-of-state committees that make expenditures supporting or opposing ballot propositions in Washington are required to file reports. Art. 18). Where to file: Secretary of state (NMSA 1-17-8). Sponsor, approved by secretary of state, reviewed by attorney general, 10 ILCS 5/28-5; 10 ILCS 5/16-6; 5 ILCS 20/2. a. the president. Must be signed by at least 100 qualified voters as sponsors. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on a quarterly basis (Rule 2.103 and 2.122). Types allowed: Direct initiative for statutes and constitutional amendments and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (V.A.M.S. Art. Who creates petitions: Unclear who actually creates the petition, but it must be created according to a form prescribed by the secretary of state (NDCC 16.1-01-09). Art. 5, 3; 34 Okl.St.Ann. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (IC 34-1803). Less than 95 % accurate fails the petition, greater than 110 % qualifies, and between requires a check of every signature (Cal.Elec.Code 9030, 9031, 9033; Cal.Admin.Code 20530, 20531, 20532, 2054). Referendums are normally not legally binding, so legally the Government can ignore the results; for example, even if the result of a pre-legislative referendum were a majority of No for a proposed law, Parliament could pass it anyway, because Parliament is sovereign. Petitions must be submitted no later than 5 p.m. 90 days after the final adjournment of the legislative session. Art. Additional statements for ballot measure committees are due April 30 and Oct. 31 (Govt. Art. 1953 20A-7-202). Submission deadline of signatures: Must address written petition to the legislature and signatures must be filed with the secretary of state by the 50th day of the first regular session or by the 25th day of the second regular session. Art. If signatures are determined to be insufficient, an additional 10 days is allowed to gather more signatures. Repeal or change restrictions: None (Const. The secretary of state writes arguments for and against the measure with information provided by proponents and opponents (Neb.Rev.St. Art. Art. Art. Art. Art. 15, 273; Miss. 3519.15; 3519.16). Const. Submission deadline for signatures: Must be submitted before 5 p.m. no later than the earlier of 30 days after the first individual signs the petition or 40 days after the legislative session ends (Utah Code 20A-7-306(1)). 2, 3). Reports of contributions received and expenditures made must be filed at least seven days before any primary, special or general election. Const. c. split-ticket voting. The filing procedure described in statute does not appear to apply to referendum petitions, every initiative petition for a proposed law or amendment to the state constitution (CRS 1-40-105). Const. Legislature or other government official review: The Financial Impact Estimating Conference members of one person from the governors office, the coordinator of the Office of Economic and Demographic Research, one professional senate staffer and one professional house staffer (F.S.A. Code 102). St. 32-1407). 54, 22A). Art. Art. a. at least 25 percent of all votes cast II, 1g; O.R.C. Art. d. tobacco companies. 168.476). For collection, if the petitions were filed at least 165 days before the election and the signatures are deemed insufficient, they may collect more, and deadline of four months prior to the general election. c. Mike Huckabee and John McCain in 2008 Withdrawal process of individual signature: A voter may have their signature removed by submitting a statement requesting such to the county clerk no later than the earlier of 14 days after the day the voter signs a statement requesting removal or 45 days after the clerk posts the voter's name under 20A-7-306(3)(c). Timeline for collecting signatures: If the petitions were filed at least 165 days before the election and the signatures are deemed insufficient, they may collect more (O.R.S. Collected in-person: Yes, In-person (21-A MRS 902). What was the question asked in the 1967 referendum? St. 32-1416). Code 18603). Ballot title and summary: Proponents submit descriptive ballot title that is reviewed by attorney general (34 Okl.St.Ann. The parties take a list of issues and concerns and frames the election around the platform. Must file measure's full text and three designated sponsors who are Wyoming voters to act as official sponsors of the campaign. Which is an argument against the process of direct democracy? Withdrawal process of individual signature: Any signer may remove their signature at any time before the petition is filed by striking it out on the petition (ORC 3501.38(H)). Petition title and summary creation: Petition must include a summary of 100 words or less (MCL 168.482). Art. 34. 3501.38), North Dakota (ND Cent. Fiscal statements are the most common type of review, giving estimates and analysis on the likely fiscal impact the proposed measure will have on the state. Const. Art. Some of these geographic distribution requirements have been found to be unconstitutional, largely on one person, one vote grounds. States vary in the way popular referendum questions are posed. Art. A filing fee of $500 accompanies the application (W.S.1977 22-24-302; 22-24-303). Code 9001, $2,000; refunded if measure qualifies for the ballot within two years. Arizona (Const. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Elec. 3, 51; V.A.M.S. For indirect statutory initiatives, the timeline begins on Jan. 1 of the year preceding year in which a regular session of the legislature is held and then filed by the second Tuesday of November in an even-numbered year, or the next day. Proponent organization and requirements: The sponsors must delegate a committee of three to five people to represent them, and must file if any signature gatherers will be paid (O.R.C. Const. The veto power may be exercised only against entire bills, and it may not be exercised upon sections of bills except in the case of appropriation bills (1963 Alas. Const. Rev. c. the official candidate for a political party, running in the general elections Petition title and summary creation: Sponsors draft title (ARS 19-101(A)). Application process information: Petitioners file a statement containing the object of the petition and the text of the measure with the secretary of state, together with a sworn statement containing the names and street addresses of every person, corporation or association sponsoring the petition (NRS 32-1405). 1953 20A-7-202; U.C.A. Art. New Latin, from Latin, neuter of referendus, gerundive of referre to refer, Dictionary lookups from politics, civil court, and the world of disease. 21. 2, 3). Must file a statement of organization within 20 days of becoming a committee. Timeline for collecting signatures: Signatures may be collected as soon as petition is approved and must be submitted to counties four weeks prior to the deadline (MCA 13-27-301). 168.32). Timeline for taking effect: Effective upon the governor's proclamation of the vote (Const. The following contribution and expenditure statements must be electronically filed: drafting statement, filed at the time approval is requested to circulate petition; circulating statement, filed at the time petitions are submitted for signature verification; pre-election statement, filed between the 39th and 31st day prior to the election; and year-end statement, filed by Jan. 31 of the year following the election. 295.009; 294A.150; 294A.220, North Dakota: NDCC, 16.1-08.1-02.4; 16.1-08.1-03.1; 16.1-08.1-03.2, Ohio: O.R.C. 34, 25, Next statewide election unless a special election is called by the legislature or the governor for the express purpose of considering a referendum, Regular election unless otherwise ordered by the legislative assembly, Next regular general election or a special election called by the lieutenant governor, Const. 3, Sec. Veto referendum. Must obtain a petition entity license before circulating petitions or paying circulators. St. 32-1408. Art. 34, 6.1) and Utah (Utah Code 20A-7-306(3) and -306.3). There are 26 states that allow for citizen-initiated ballot measures. . 7-9-105). 19-121. Rev. 22-24-412, Within 90 days after the adjournment of the legislative session at which it was passed. Types allowed: Direct and indirect initiatives for statutes, and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (U.C.A. Conflicting measures: The measure receiving the greatest number of affirmative votes prevails (N.R.S. III, 8). 8). Subject restrictions: Laws passed by a two-thirds vote of the members of each house are not subject to referendum (Const. A __________ is a media format where candidates meet with ordinary citizens, without the input of Must register prior to signature collection and expenditures (On Our Terms '97 PAC v. Secretary of State of Maine (1999) and 21-A MRSA 903-C). 19, 1), Proponent organization and requirements: Must file any PACs formed to advance the measure and authorize no more than three people to withdraw or amend the petition (N.R.S. 1953 20A-7-204.1; 20A-7-208; 20A-7-702). A top funders sheet created by sponsors is attached to the petition (Elec. 2, 4, Pt. Rule 2.79; Oklahoma Ethics Commission's Guide for Political Action Committees). (MGL ch. Const. 101.161). 3, 2; NDCC, 16.1-01-17). U.C.A. In order for a political party to select a candidate to run in the general election, it holds a. (EXAMPLE) What wording was altered in the Constitution? 3, 8). Verification: Random sampling (CRS 1-40-116). II, 1b; O.R.C. Art. Art. It must be accompanied by a notarized form including the names and addresses of the petition sponsors and the statement of organization provided at 12-27-6 (SDCL 2-1-3.1). 8), South Dakota (SDCL 12-13-25.1; 12-13-26; 2-1-1-1; 2-1-1-2), South Dakota (SDCL 12-13-25.1; 12-13-26), Alaska: AS 15.13.040; 15.13.050; 15.13.065; 15.13.110, Arkansas: A.C.A. Who can sign the petition: Legal, registered voters (V.A.M.S. 11 3), Collected in-person: No direct statute (F.S.A. No signatures may be obtained prior to 24 months before the general elections that it is to be voted upon, and signatures must be filed one year prior to the election (SDCL 2-1-1.2). Number of signatures required: 8% of the active voters in the state on Jan. 1 following the last regular general election (Utah Code 20A-7-301(1)). Proponent organization and requirements: A group of no more than three people is designated to be the chief proponents at the time of original filing (34 OS 1). 7-9-105), Withdrawal process of individual signature: No statute. 1953 20A-7-201; 20A-7-208).
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