THE DEAD HAND OF FENTON JOHN ANTHONY HORT LIES HEAVY UPON US. I cannot, therefore, but regard every voluntary approach to beings such as those who are supposed to hold communication with men through mediums as unlawful and perilous. However the majority of these manuscripts agree with each other almost perfectly. Way of Life's content falls into two categories: sharable and non-sharable. But if you have a NIV Bible, between verses 8 and 9 there is a line and a large space along with this caption in brackets: [The earliest manuscripts and some other ancient witnesses do not have Mark 16:9-20]. Tobin Pederson, When it comes to the various Bible versions of our modern day, most readers assume that all Bibles are created equal, with perhaps differing degrees of readability. Westcott and Hort relied heavily on what they called the neutral family of texts, which involved the renowned fourth-century vellum Vaticanus and Sinaiticus manuscripts. He has authored 220+ books. 1. Westcott, Hort, and Blavatsky are all forerunners of the modern day New Age movement which aims at one world religion. 118:8 Putting our confidence in God and not man, it seems apparent our Lord has kept His promise and that His Word is faithfully preserved in over 5000 witnesses! That is, it is generally shorter than the text of other forms, and it does not exhibit the degree of grammatical and stylistic polishing that is characteristic of the Byzantine type of text. (18281892) are mentioned regularly in relation to the Greek text of the NT. Now, over 100 years later, the KJV and its Textus Receptus stand nearly alone against the Masoretic Text, various critical editions of the Greek text (i.a. If you have a King James Bible you see it is about the resurrected Christ,.quite an important part of Scripture. Borderland. This text type is called Byzantine and most of its copies can be sourced to Constantinople. The baseline is the original Greek and Hebrew, so what we compare all versions to is the best text we can produce, notour favourite translation. It goes without saying that no Bible-believing Christian who is willing to extend the implications of his faith to textual matters can have the slightest grounds for confidence in contemporary critical texts (emphasis added) (Zane C. Hodges, Rationalism and Contemporary New Testament Textual Criticism, Bibliotheca Sacra, January 1971, p. 35). It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in man. Ps. one of them is of mainly later texts after the fall of Antioch and Alexandria to Islam. Westcott and Hort believed the Greek text which underlies the KJV was perverse and corrupt. In other words, the manuscript Codex Vatican B does not contain Mark 16:9-20. [8], Westcott and Hort worked on their Testament from 1853 until its completion in 1881. Similarly, Gail Riplinger writes Westcotts son writes of his fathers lifelong faith in what for lack of a better name, one must call Spiritualism. They are anything but. the New Testament - are based upon the Greek text of Westcott and Hort. Greenlee writes, The fallacy in this argument was that the antiquity of a Syrian (i.e., Byzantine) reading could be shown only when the Byzantine text was supported by one of the pre-Byzantine texts, which proved nothing in favor of the Byzantine, since WH maintained that Syrian readings were largely derived from the pre-Syrian texts. Westcott and Hort were the original textual critics of their day. Codex Bezae (D). [7] The minuscules play a minimal role in this edition. There are quite a number of conservative Bible scholars who might disagree with the Greek text of Westcott and Hort and there favoring the Alexandrian family of Greek texts. SCROLL THROUGH DIFFERENT CATEGORIES BELOW. In fact they had no Greek at all for part of the book of Revelation so they had to conjecturally amend (make a best guess) what the section actually said. 4. more concerned about showing that a translation 400 years old is in some way better than the ones we have today. Restored Greek syntax. There are various groupings of texts, according to this thinking, and one of them is of mainly later texts after the fall of Antioch and Alexandria to Islam. The heart of the project is retelling the story of the Bible in a form as fluid as modern literary works while remaining painstakingly true to the original Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic texts. (ISBN1401680313), A Voice In The Wilderness Holy Scriptures, 1913 (first volumes of the NT)1915 1935 (various volumes and editions of the WVSS were published from 1913 1935). I think the Lucian recession theory has been rejected by the majority of textual scholars, but i may be mistaken. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901), and Fenton J A Hort (1828-1892) were two renowned Anglican scholars at Cambridge University. According to Bruce M. Metzger, "the general validity of their critical principles and procedures is widely acknowledged by scholars today. Informally referred to as WH they produced the WH text of the New Testament. Revision of the Revised Standard Version. How do you explain the differences in the manuscripts? They are based on an eclectic text which sometimes favors the TR over Aleph or B.This is true as far as it goes, but it ignores the heart of the issue. (2.20), The reading is to be preferred that most fitly explains the existence of the others. The archaic language detracts from its use and understandability. Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. Ed.) The judge then listens to the other side which holds over 5000 witnesses. . Comparable to theEnglish Standard Versionand theNew American Standard Bible. Westcott & Hort were the dominant forces on the Revision Committee. In addition, they gave due weight to internal evidence, intrinsic probability and transcriptional probability, that is, what the original author most likely wrote and wherein a copyist may most likely have made a mistake. I, p.211). There are, I fear, still more serious differences between us on the subject of authority, especially the authority of the Bible. Riplinger, pg 621, Hort [T]his may be cowardice I have sort of a craving that our text should be cast upon the world before we deal with matters likely to brand us with suspicion. View all posts by Christian Publishing House, King James Version Versus Modern Translations, NT Textual Criticism Articles, Textual Scholars of the New Testament, Brooke Foss Westcott, Critical Text, Fenton John Anthony Hort, New Testament Textual Criticism, NT Textual Criticism, Textual Criticism, Textual Variants, Textus Receptus, Westcott and Hort. (1) If Gods Word is only found in the 1611 KJV, where was Gods Word from 100 A.D. 1610 A.D.? The Western Peshitto is virtually the same as the Eastern Peshitta, besides the addition of 2Peter, 2John, 3John, Jude and Revelation. That was my first introduction to B. F. Westcott (1825-1901) and F. J. In like manner, if a scientist is also an evolutionist and aetheist, do we need to hear his science before we know his verdict? The quote above still appears on Chicks website at the time of this writing. God has been gracious to us in that when there were voices contesting the authenticity of the OT record the dead sea scrolls were discovered. Now take your Bibles and look at Mark 16:9-20. With the acquisition, however, of the Bodmer Papyri, particularlyP66and P75, both copied about the end of the second or the beginning of the third century, evidence is now available that the Alexandrian type of text goes back to an archetype that must be dated early in the second century. I often see people pointing to Acts 8:37 and other passages as an example and pointing out how that verse is not in modern versions. . A textual critic sets himself up as judge over Gods Word, when no man has such a right. Riplinger links the spiritualist teachings of Westcott and Hort to the occult teachings of Madame Helena P. Blavatsky who wrote the Lucifer magazine. I once saw a Christian rant and rave to some J, s and he quoted 1 John 5:7, 1 Tim 3:16 and said the KJV was the true Word of God, it was embarrassing and it reinforced. Many modern versions like the New International Version (450 million copies worldwide), English Standard Version, Holman Christian Standard Bible, New Living Translation, New Century Version, Amplified Bible, New English Translation and New American Standard Bible have been produced by the finest Bible believing scholars in the world. John 8? The Work of Gods Children Illustrated Bible. For information see: www.wayoflife.org/about/makeanoffering.html. Public Domain due to copyright expiration. For less than $5/mo. How did the term Textus Receptus come about? Subsequently other critical editions appeared, including those prepared by Constantin von Tischendorf, whose eighth edition (186972) remains a monumental thesaurus of variant readings, and the influential edition prepared by two Cambridge scholars, B. F. Westcott and F. J. About 290 C.E., some of his associates made various subsequent alterations, which deliberately combined elements from earlier types of text, and this text was adopted about 380 C.E. It wasonly in the first part of the nineteenth century (1831) that a German classical scholar, Karl Lachmann, ventured to apply to the New Testament the criteria that he had used in editing texts of the classics. Masoretic Text, Erasmus third NT edition (1522), Martin Luthers 1522 German Bible. However, Westcott and Hort's work was not perfect. It shows that the Church rejected them and did not read them. Translations are not based on the previous translation and revised, which is the claim of Mormons, , they are based on the manuscripts available, this is an important point to, There are a number of theories about text types and families which have some intellectual and academic credibility. Riplinger speaks much on this subject and also aligns them with the New Age movement. 30:8, 59:21, I Pet 1:23. You could say that Over five thousand witnesses agree, this New Testament is Gods holy Word. I no. Brooke Foss Westcott and John Maurice Schulhof, eds., Saint Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians: The Greek Text with Notes and Addenda, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: The Macmillan Company, 1909), v. Brooke Foss Westcott and Arthur Westcott, eds., The Gospel according to St. John Introduction and Notes on the Authorized Version, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: J. Murray, 1908), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistles of St. John: The Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 4th ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: Macmillan, 1902), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistle to the Hebrews the Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 3d ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: Macmillan, 1903). The most radical within the fundamentalist movement are known as the King James Version Onlyist. Certainly nothing could be more unscriptural than the modern limiting of Christs bearing our sins and sufferings to his death; but indeed that is only one aspect of an almost universal heresy. 4) Hort wrote, I have been persuaded for many years that Mary-worship and Jesus worship have very much in common in their causes and their results. Westcott found a statue of Mary and a crucified Christ in a remote chapel and wrote, Had I been alone, I could have knelt there for hours.. Brother Cloud lives in South Asia where he has been a church planting missionary since 1979. We should note that the above quote was made much later in the life of Wescott. We do not have space nor the time to offer a full-scale argument against the King James Version Only and the Textus Receptus Only groups. Version Information. (weak textual evidence). [6], Westcott and Hort distinguished four text types in their studies. Incomplete translation. The maxims which they enunciated on questions of the text are of such importance. (Souter 1913, 118) They took all imaginable factors into consideration in laboring to resolve the difficulties that conflicting texts presented, and when two readings had equal weight, they indicated that in their text. Have you ever read Pickerings book? You can support this vital work so we can help us train Christians, equip churches, and reach the lost. Of course, the motivation behind the King James Version Onlyist would certainly argue otherwise. The debate in the link below between White and Moorman shows how the King James Version Only view simply doesnt stand up and has no intellectual credibility at all. So in modern, more reliable, translations we lose 1 John 5:7 ..these three are one ( not in any Greek NT manuscript before 1500) and 1 Tim 3:16 God manifest in the flesh. Sixth, the Bible was locked up in Latin. Thus, the fact that B and ALEPH are so old is a point against them, not something in their favour. This Majority Text was made from more than five thousand (5000+) manuscripts. Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. Over the next four centuries or so, the Byzantine Empire and the Greek-speaking church were the dominant factors as to why this area saw their text becoming the standard. The book, New Age Bible Versions has this to say about Wescott and Hort: B.F. Westcott is identified as "a mystic" by the standard reference work of his day: The Encyclopedia Britannica (1911). It must be replaced by a new translation from texts that they considered to be older and better. Westcott and Hort's The New Testament in the Original Greek a critical Greek text based primarily on Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus. If they had been good manuscripts, they would have been read to pieces long ago. Tanakh (Old Testament), Masoretic Text (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1983), Textus Receptus, Maintains Jewish context of the entire Bible, using Hebrew names for God and Jesus, and translating Hebrew names of people and places. The Revised Version of the KJV, published in 1881, reflects this increased knowledge. They assume some are just more easy to read than others. This is where WH come in, they compiled manuscripts , examined them and took note of the earliest and best of them and compiled a printed text, the Westcott & Hort text. (10) Speaking of the Textus Receptus, which of the four editions by Desiderius Erasmus do you prefer (1519, 1522, 1527, 1535), or the four editions of Robert Estienne (Stephanus) (1503 1559), or the nine editions by Thodore Beza (1519 1605)? If we are to understand the foundation of the NIV, it is critical to understand that the NIV is translated from these five manuscripts above which do not agree with one another. Thirdly, nothing in the quote (or surrounding material) even hints at public alarm, let alone considerable or even Westcotts son admitting such. Westcott-Hort influence most "modern" translations, even if they don't follow exactly the full changes Westcott-Hort made (NIV more, NASB less). While Karl Lachmann was the one to overthrow the Textus Receptus, it would be B. F. Westcott and F. J. There are many early byzantine readings as you would expect since it is the original text. Authorized King James Version which restores the Divine Name, Jehovah to the original text in 6,973 places, Jah in 50 places and Jehovah also appears in parentheses in the New Testament wherever the New Testament cross references a quote from the Old Testament in 297 places. Revision of the New International Version. They started the "Ghostly Guild" in 1851 and before that the "Hermes Club" in 1845. I think the argument of no early byzantine readings is incorrect, using circular reasoning. Jun 29, 2006. Both delete almost the same number of names and titles of the Lord (WH--221, UBS--212). Shows (by color coding and word notes) grammatical details within the Greek language. The Westcott-Hort Greek text is very significant and its editors are highly significant to the history of textual criticism. Because this Bible is in the public domain, you are free to quote from or reprint it. 19: 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Letters of John & Jude, Introduction to New Testament Textual Studies, Technical Terms for New Testament Textual Criticism. This Bible is in the public domain in the United States. Horts success in this task and the cogency of his tightly reasoned theory shapedAND STILL SHAPESthe thinking of those who approach the textual criticism of the NT through the English language (emphasis added) (Ernest Cadman Colwell, Scribal Habits in Early Papyri: A Study in the Corruption of the Text, The Bible in Modern Scholarship, ed. "[3] They find that without orthographic differences, doubtful textual variants exist only in one sixtieth of the whole New Testament (with most of them being comparatively trivial variations), with the substantial variations forming hardly more than one thousandth of the entire text. The two editors favoured two manuscripts: Vaticanus and Sinaiticus. (11) If the KJVOist advocates are correct and the copyists for the Byzantine text DID NOT make all of the additions to the Greek text but rather the Alexandrian copyists removed them, why do the 140+ papyri manuscripts discovered in the 1930s the 1950s date with decades of the originals, 200 years before the 4th-century Alexandrian Vaticanus and Sinaiticus and 350 years before the earliest 5th-century Byzantine text looks just like the Alexandrian of manuscripts? But HORT DID NOT FAIL TO REACH HIS MAJOR GOAL. Brooke Foss Westcott(18251901) andFenton John Anthony Hort(18281892) were nineteenth-century theologians and Bible and textual scholars. The result of it all is a methodological quagmire where objective controls on the conclusions of critics are nearly nonexistent. From the eighth century forward, the corrupt Byzantine text was the standard text and had displaced all others; it makes up about 95 percent of all manuscripts that we have of the Christian Greek Scriptures. They have dedicated themselves to learn Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic, they have studied for decades the available manuscripts and have produced these translations as the fruit of their learning. The Textus Receptus (Latin for "Received Text") is a Greek New Testament that provided the textual base for the vernacular translations of the Reformation Period. Was partially translated and released in various versions with the Douay-Rheims making up whatever books were not yet translated. I would venture to say that their doctrinal positions are not perfect, especially when they were younger because no one has perfect doctrinal positions. A textual critic is one who picks and chooses what part of whose story they will believe to be true. John Tancock December 12, 2015. J.P. Hyatt, New York: Abingdon Press, 1965, p. 370). He regular lectures and trains folk to respond to Jehovah's witnesses and other groups. A. Hort (1828-1892), the towering pioneers of the textual criticism of the Greek New Testament. This version is now in thepublic domaindue to copyright expiration. So, God allowed errors by the copyists of the Alexandrian and Western manuscripts but miraculously inspired the thousands of Byzantine copyists from 400 -1455 A.D.? You are also welcome to use excerpts from the articles in your writings, in sermons, in church bulletins, etc. E. J. Goodspeed has shown that Westcott and Hort departed from Vaticanus seven hundred times in the Gospels alone. Soden's edition stands much closer to the text of Tischendorf than to the text of Westcott and Hort. My fatherceasedto interest himself in these matters, not altogether, I believe, fromwant offaith in what, for lack of a better name, one must call Spiritualism, but becausehe was seriously convinced that such investigations led to no good. (Life and Letters of Brooke Foss Westcott, Vol. Some of those who stand out the most are from the fundamentalists of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. Book Submission for Christian Publishing House, https://www.logos.com/product/46572/studies-in-the-theory-and-method-of-new-test, View all posts by Christian Publishing House. THE DEAD HAND OF FENTON JOHN ANTHONY HORT LIES HEAVY UPON US. Though they no longer live, their legacy lives on in the form of a corrupted Greek text. It is their position that the King James Version of the Bible is superior to all other English translations and that all English translations based on the Westcott and Hort text of 1881 (foundation text of UBS5 and NA28) are corrupt due to the influence of the Alexandrian Greek manuscripts. Before delving into whether Westcott and Hort were Occultists or unbelievers, let us look at their work first. . To understand Westcott and Hort, you must first understand textual criticism. He has been working in the apologetic area since his teens. We trust that your Christian honesty will preserve the integrity of this policy. BOTH REPRESENT THE SAME TYPE OF TEXT WITH THE SAME TYPE OF DEPARTURES FROM THE RECEIVED TEXT. the KJV, it wasnt even the first (by a long way) of the English translations of the Bible. [6]In her book, she accuses Westcott of being involved in the occult. A.V. (Eclectic means to select or employ individual elements from a variety of sources, systems, or styles.). We can trust these, understand and appreciate the differences, but we would be foolish to ignore them or condemn the translators as the spawn of Satan or Lucifers dupes as I have read on occasion. Revision of theChalloner Revisionof theDouay-Rheims Bible. The fact is that the United Bible Societies (UBS) text is almost identical to the W-H text of 1881 IN SIGNIFICANT DEPARTURES FROM THE RECEIVED TEXT. The difference with Westcott and Hort is, they had an interest and the subject of the called that they investigated and then rejected later in life, which we would call repentance and turning away from the wrongdoing, while John Calvin held onto his radical beliefs up until the time of his death. An exception is the text edited by Hermann von Soden. This Greek NT was the basis for the Revised Version of that same year. Plus Calvin wasnt involved in Bible translation work that is significant for today. : Were Westcott and Hort Occultist Unbelievers? Instead of simply translating what the majority of witnesses agree to, they translate from their own fancy, the false witness of the five. Updated September 20, 2004 (first published March 7, 2000), David Cloud, Way of Life Literature, P.O. It is the text type favored by the majority of modern textual critics and it is the basis for most modern (after 1900) Bible translations. for value), not counted. The entire quote is somewhat difficult to parse as it stands, but its easier to breakdown if viewed as follows: Westcott ceased, not altogether (not entirely) from want (lack) of faith in Spiritualism, but also because such investigations led to no good. Was the reason that Westcott ceased due towant (lack)of faith in Spiritualism? It is inaccurate in many ways now due to greater understanding and the number of manuscripts that make better translations possible. (9) You say scribes/copyists do not make changes to the text intentionally and unintentionally, so how do you explain the copyists who write in the margins that a previous copyist made changes? Murdock Translation of the Western Peshitto. As we had just learned earlier under the corruption period, after Constantine legalized Christianity, giving it equal status with the pagan religions, it was much easier for those possessing manuscripts to have them copied. MODERN TEXTUAL CRITICISM IS PSYCHOLOGICALLY ADDICTED TO WESTCOTT AND HORT. First, and most importantly, notice that the quote had wantof (lackof, e.g. A. Hort in 1881 who would put the nails in the coffin of the Textus Receptus. He is currently helping set up a bible college in Southern Africa . Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia,Novum Testamentum Graece28th Edition (NA28), United Bible Societies 5th Edition (UBS5). The World English Bible (WEB) is a Public Domain (no copyright) Modern English translation of the Holy Bible. - Receive these reports by email "[11] The text today is not the WH text; things have moved on. [9] It was followed by an Introduction and Appendix by Hort appearing in a second volume in 1882. But we must remember that Bibles are translated by men, and thus corruption is possible. Almost all of the Bible translations since the late 19th century - for. [13], The New Testament in the original Greek (1881), The New Testament in the original Greek Introduction and Appendix (1882), Comparison of the Wescott/Hort text with other manuscript editions, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westcott_and_Hort&oldid=1137236913, This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 15:13. List Of Bible Trivia Questions And Answers. _______________________________________________. Textus Receptus, United Bible Society (UBS) Greek text,Nestle-Aland Text, Translated byJoseph Bryant Rotherhambased onThe New Testament in the Original GreekandChristian David Ginsburgs. You are welcome to make copies of these at your own expense and share them with friends and family, but they cannot be posted to web sites. I think his arguments are solid. Almost all the websites, articles, films, videos and messages I have come across regarding the KJV, or anti modern versions, pay no attention at all to this viewpoint as they seem more concerned about showing that a translation 400 years old is in some way better than the ones we have today. To hold to varying forms of King James Only or Textus Receptus Only has caused great harm to the Christian Church; it confuses people. They started the Ghostly Guild in 1851 and before that the Hermes Club in 1845. However, there is a problem, there was no Byzantine text for the first four centuries, and the Byzantine text did not become the majority of the manuscripts until the 9th century. There are a number of theories about text types and families which have some intellectual and academic credibility. [7] Most critical editions published after Westcott and Hort share their preference of the Alexandrian text-type and therefore are similar to The New Testament in the Original Greek. Without thinking or looking deeper into the matter, they blindly assume that every Bible is the same. text (Erwin Nestle and Kurt Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 24th edition, 1960, p. 62).James White is failing to acknowledge a fact that modern textual authorities such as Metzger, Colwell, and Nestle do acknowledge--that Westcott and Hort are key, pivotal men in the modern history of textual criticism and that the current eclectic Greek New Testaments continue to reflect, for the most part, the decisions made by Westcott and Hort. In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Alexandrian text-type is one of the main text types.
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